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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


12 

1.8 


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L25  iu  II  1.6 


./ 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)072-4503 


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At 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'll  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m6thode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu6s  ci-dessous. 


0 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


D 


D 


D 


Couverture  endommagde 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurde  et/ou  pelliculde 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


I      I    Coloured  maps/ 


Cartes  gdographiques  en  couleur 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


I      I    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 


□   Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

□    Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 

□    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pelliculdes 


^ 


Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d6colordes,  tachetdes  ou  piqu6es 


|v7|    Pages  detached/ 
L2a1   Pages  ddtach^es 

j~~|    Showthrough/ 


Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Qualit6  indgale  de  I'impression 

includes  supplementary  materia 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppl^mentaire 


I      I    Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I      I    includes  supplementary  material/ 


□    Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serr6e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intdrieure 


D 


D 


Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutdes 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  ceia  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  film6es. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl6mentaires: 


D 
D 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  ref limed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  peiure, 
etc.,  ont  6t6  film6es  d  nouveau  de  fapon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


X 


12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


1 


u 


tiaire 
s  details 
ques  du 
It  modifier 
(iger  une 
le  filmage 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanlts 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


L'exemplaire  film6  fut  reproduit  grdce  d  la 
g6n6(Osit6  de: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettetd  de  l'exemplaire  film6.  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


d/ 
|u6es 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimde  sont  filmds  en  commengant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  film6s  en  commenpant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


aire 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
film6s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diff^rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich6,  il  est  filmd  d  partir 
de  I'angle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


by  errata 
ned  to 

lent 

une  pelure, 

fapon  d 


32X 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

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«> 


PROCEEDINGS      ' 

OF  THE 

WASHINGTON  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 


Vol.  II,  pp.  13-30. 


March  14,  1900 


..V 


V 


I 


PAPERS  FROM  THE  HARRIMAN  ALASKA 

EXPEDITION. 

I. 

DESCRIPTIONS  OF  TWENTY-SIX  NEW  MAMMALS 

FROM  ALASKA  AND  BRITISH 

NORTH  AMERICA. 

I 


C.'  Hart  Merriam. 


WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

Published  by  the  Academy 

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PROCEEDINGS 


OF   TMB 


WASHINGTON  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 

Vol.  II,  pp.  13-30.  March  14,  1900 


PAPERS   FROM  THE  HARRIMAN  ALASKA 
EXPEDITION. 
I. 

DESCRIPTONS    OF  TWENTY-SIX  NEW   MAMMALS 

FROM   ALASKA  AND   BRITISH 

NORTH  AMERICA. 

By  C.  Hart  Mbrriam. 

In  the  early  spring  of  1899  Mr.  Edward  H.  Harriman  of  New 
York,  in  cooperation  with  the  Washington  Academy  of  Sciences, 
organized,  at  his  own  expense,  an  expedition  to  Alaska.  He 
invited  as  his  guests  about  twenty-five  scientific  men,  represent- 
ing various  branches  of  research.  The  expedition  sailed  from 
Seattle  May  30,  on  the  iron  steamship  '  Geo.  W.  Elder,'  espe- 
cially chartered  for  the  purpose,  and  was  gone  just  two  months. 
The  details  of  the  route  and  work  were  arranged  by  special 
committees,  and  the  vessel  was  equipped  and  operated  in  such 
manner  as  to  secure  maximum  results  with  a  minimum  expendi- 
ture of  time. 

Work  was  done  at  a  large  number  of  localities,  from  British 
Columbia  to  Bering  Strait,  and  extensive  collections  were  made, 
particularly  in  the  fields  of  zoology  and  botany.  The  technical 
results  will  appear  from  time  to  time  in  these  Proceedings,  and 
later  will  be  collected  in  a  special  report  on  the  expedition. 
Mr.  Harriman  will  provide  the  illustrations. 

In  studying  the  material  brought  back  by  the  expedition, 
comparisons  have  been  made  with  material  collected  by  others 
in  Alaska  and  adjacent  parts  of  boreal  America,  and  in  some 

Proc.  Wash.  Acad.  Sci.,  March  1900.  13 


Ml- 


A 


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y 

^ 
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14 


MKRUIAM 


instances  new  species  from  points  outside  of  Alaska  have  been 
thus  brought  to  light.  In  such  cases  the  new  species  have  been 
included  in  order  to  render  the  results  more  complete  and  useful. 

The  present  paper  comprises  descriptions  of  twenty-six  mam- 
mals believed  to  have  escaped  previous  recognition.  Papers  on 
other  subjects  will  follow  in  the  near  future. 

The  new  mammals  here  described,  with  their  type  localities, 
are  : 


Vnlpes  harriinani 

hallensis 
Sorex  glacialis 

tundrensts 

personatus  arc  tic  its 

alascennis  shumaginensis 

navigator  alaskanus 
Spermophiltis  osgoodi 

barroivensis 

beringensis 
Microtiis  innnitus 

yakutatensis 

popofensis 

abbreviatus  Jisheri 

macfarlani 
Hvotomys  orca 
Dicrostonyx  unalascensis 

nelsoni 

richardsoni 
Lemmus  alascensis 

yukonensis 


Kadiak  Island,  Alaska 

Hall  Id.,  Bering  Sea,  Alaska 

Glacier  Bay,  Alaska 

St.  Michaels,  Alaska 

St.  Michaels,  Alaska 

Popof  Id.,  Sluimagin  Ids.,  Alaska 

Glacier  Baj',  Alaska 

Ft.  Yukon,  Alaska 

Point  Barrow,  Alaska 

Cape  Lisbourne,  Alaska 

St.  Lawrence  Id.,  Bering  Sea,  Alaska 

Yakiitat  Bay,  Alaska 

Popof  Id.,  Shumagin  Ids.,  Alaska 

St.  Matthew  Id.,  Bering  Sea,  Alaska 

Ft.  Anderson,  north  of  Gt.  Bear  Lake 

Orca,  Prince  William  Sound,  Alaska 

Unalaska,  Alaska 

St.  Michaels,  Alaska 

Ft.  Churchill,  Hudson  Bay 

Point  Barrow,  Alaska 


Charlie  Creek,  Yukon  River,  Alaska 
Erethizon  epixanthus  myops   Portage  Bay,  Alaska  Peninsula 
Lepus  othus  St.  Michaels,  Alaska 

poadromus  Stepovak  Bay,  Alaska  Peninsula 

arnericanus  dalli  Nulato  River,  Alaska 

americanus  macfarlani        Ft.  Anderson,  north  of  Gt.  Bear  Lake, 

Arctic  America.  , 


VULPES   HARRIMANI  sp.  nov.     Kadiak  Island  Fox. 

Type  (skin)  from  Kadiak  Island,  Alaska.  No.  99626  ad.  U.  S. 
National  Museum,  Biological  Survey  Collection.  Purchased  in  July 
1899,  at  Kadiak,  by  C.  Hart  Merriam.  Skull  of  another  specimen, 
from  Uyak  Bay,  Kadiak  Island,  no.  98144  U.  S.  National  Museum, 
Biological  Sui-vey  Collection,  July  1899,  collected  and  presented 
by  Geo.  Bird  Grinnell. 
Characters. — Size  largest  of  the  known  North  American  foxes; 

ears  small ;    tail  enormous^  constricted  at   base,    largest   on   basal 


THE    HARRIMAN    ALASKA   EXPEDITION 


»5 


fourth  and  tapering  thence  to  tip;  color  tawny  yellow;  fur  of 
posterior  half  of  back  grizzled  and  much  coarser  than  that  on  rest  of 
body;  black  of  fore  and  hind  feet  greatly  reduced. 

Color. — Nose  to  between  eyes  pale  tluW  fulvous,  grizzled  with 
whitish  ;  top  of  head  from  between  eyes  to  nape  buffy  whitish,  grizzled 
with  yellowish  fulvous ;  anterior  half  of  back  bright  yellowish  fulvous, 
the  color  extending  down  over  sides  and  belly  nearly  to  median  line ; 
posterior  half  of  back  coarsely  grizzled  buffy  whitish  and  dull  fulvous, 
reddest  along  median  line;  underparts  yellowish  fulvous  except  chin, 
throat,  inguinal  region,  and  a  narrow  strip  on  belly,  which  parts  are 
grayish  buffy;  cars  black;  fore  and  hind  legs  and  feet  dull  pale  ful- 
vous with  an  irregular  black  patch  on  dorsal  surface  of  forefoot,  and 
a  much  smaller  one  on  hind  foot;  tail  grizzled  grayish  and  yellowish 
fulvous,  the  fulvous  most  marked  on  median  line  of  upper  surface, 
the  black  tipped  hairs  less  abundant  than  in  related  species  but  suffi- 
ciently plentiful  on  basal  fourth  of  dorsal  surface  to  form  an  indistinct 
black  patch  or  spot ;  tip  inconspicuously  white  or  buffy  white. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  large  and  massive ;  postorbital  proc- 
esses only  slightly  developed  (much  less  prominent  than  in  any  other 
known  species)  ;  frontal  sulcus  very  deep  and  reaching  forward  over 
posterior  third  or  half  of  nasals;  palate  and  maxillaries  broad;  bullae 
large.    Dentition  heavy ;  premolars  more  robust  than  in  related  species. 

Measurements. — Type  specimen  [a  dry  skin]  ;  total  length  1260; 
tail  vertebraj  [approximate]  450;  tail  to  end  of  hairs  550;  greatest 
diameter  of  tail,  hairs  laid  naturally  160;  greatest  diameter  of  tail, 
hairs  spread,  250. 

Cranial  measurements. — Skull  no.  98144  from  Uyak  Bay,  Kadiak 
Island:  basal  length  140;  zygomatic  breadth  77  ;  palatal  length  74.5  ; 
postpalatal  length  65 ;  breadth  across  postorbital  processes  33 ;  inter- 
orbital  breadth  27.5 ;  postorbital  constriction  22.5 ;  greatest  breadth 
of  rostrum  over  roots  of  canines  26.3 ;  lateral  series  of  teeth  (from 
front  of  canine  to  back  of  last  molar)  66. 

VULPES  HALLENSIS  sp.  nov.     Hall  Island  Arctic  Fox. 

Type  from  Hall  Island,  Bering  Sea.     No.  98067  9  old,  U.  S.  Na- 
tional Museum,  Biological  Survey  Collection.     July  14,   1899.  C. 
Hart  Merriam.     Orig.  no.  2177.     (Shot  by  W.  B.  Devereux.) 
Characters. — Externally  similar  in  general  to   V.  lagopus.     Skull 
shorter  and  broader. 

Color. — Head  sooty,  grizzled  between  eyes  and  on  sides  of  face 
with  whitish  hairs;  back  (rather  narrowly),  shoulders,  and  upper  sur- 
faces of  legs  sooty  brown ;  sides  and  underparts  buffy ;  chin  and  an- 
terior part  of   throat  dusky  grayish;  ears  dusky,  edged  with  buffy 


1 


\\ 


10' 


MKKRIAM 


white;  sides  of  nose  and  extreme  tip  of  cliin  vvliitish;  anltles  and 
hind  feet  dusky,  sprinkled  or  jj^rizzled  with  whitisii  hairs;  tail  strongly 
bicolor;  above  dusky  at  base  like  back,  becoming  yellowish  buff  di»- 
tally;  below,  yellowish  white. 

Cranial  characters. — Compared  with  Vitlpes  lairopus  from  Lap- 
land, the  skull  is  shorter  both  anteriorly  and  posteriorly  (rostrum 
shorter,  and  also  base  of  skull  behind  molars)  ;  the  bullue  larger,  with 
an  inflated  posterior  projection  pushing  out  behind  the  meatus  tube 
and  directed  outward  as  well  as  backward,  giving  a  semicircular  curve 
to  the  axis  of  the  bullaj  (viewed  from  below)  ;  meatus  tube  more 
sharply  defined ;  basioccipital  narrower  between  bulhc.  Lower  pre- 
molars (especially  id  and  3d)  smaller;  4th  upper  premolar  and  ist 
molar  more  robust.  Ratio  of  zygomatic  breadth  to  basal  length  of 
skull  66.8.     [In  a  Lapland  skull  this  ratio  is  58.] 

Measurements. — (Measured  in  flesh  by  C.  H.  M.)  Total  length 
825  ;  tail  vertebraj  290;  hind  foot  140. 

Cranial  measurements. — Basal  length  114;  zygomatic  breadth  69  ; 
palatal  length  61  ;  postpalatal  length  53.5. 

SOREX   GLACIALIS  sp.  nov.     Glacier  Bay  Shrew. 

Type  from  Point  Gustavus,  on  east  side  of  entrance  to  Glacier  Bay, 
Alaska.  No.  97709  S  ad.  U.  S.  National  Museum,  Biological 
Survey  Collection.  June  12,  1899.  A.  K.  Fisher.  Orig.  no.  2056. 
Similar  to  5.  longicauda  but  with  decidedly  smaller  fore  and  hind 

feet  (hind  foot  14  or  less  instead  of  15  +  ),  much  smaller  skull  and  teeth, 

and  smaller  and  less  conspicuous  ears;  upperparts  darker,  underparts 

whiter  and  lacking  the  brownish  fulvous  wash  which  is  conspicuous 

in  longicauda. 

Color. — Upperparts  dark  dusky  brown ;   underparts  abruptly  whitish 

with  distinct  line  of  demarkation  on  side  of  face  and  neck ;  tail  above 

and  at  tip  all  round,  brownish  dusky;  below  huffy. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  and  teeth  as  in  longicauda  (3d  uni- 

cuspid  smaller  than  4th)  but  skull  smaller  and  shorter,  and  molari- 

form  teeth  much  smaller. 

Measurements. — Type  specimen:    total  length   122;  tail  vertebrae 

52  ;  hind  foot  14.     Another  male  from  type  locality  :  total  length  123  ; 

tail  vertebrae  53;  hind  foot  13.5. 

SOREX  TUNDRENSIS  sp.  nov.     Tundra  Shrew. 

Type  from  St.  Michaels,  Alaska.  No.  99286  U.  S.  National  Mu- 
seum, Biological  Survey  Collection.  Sept.  13,  1899.  W.  H.  Os- 
good.    Orig.  no.  902. 


i 


« 


f 


TIIK    HARItlMAN    ALASKA    EXPEDITION 


If 


C/iaractcrs.~^\/.c  lar{,'e;  tail  rather  short;  coloration  strikingly 
peculiar:  bicolor  in  winter;  tricolor  in  summer;  the  drab  lirovvn  of 
back  restricted  to  a  sharply  dcfinml  dorsal  area  in  strong  contrast  to 
paler  color  of  sides,  which  in  winter  is  silvery,  in  sinnnier  overlaid 
with  a  brownish  wash.  The  only  related  species  having  the  same 
pattern  is  the  larger  and  very  much  darker  .V.  richardsoni,  whose 
sides  are  never  silvery. 

Color.— Summer  pelage  (tricolor)  :  top  of  head  and  broad  dorsal 
area  brown  (usually  drab  brown) ;  flanks  and  sides  abruptly  paler, 
usually  pale  buffy  brown;  underparts  soiled  whitish;  tail  above 
brown,  becoming  dusky  all  round  at  tip,  below  buffy.  Winter  pel- 
age (bicolor):  dorsal  area  drab  brown,  darkest  posteriorly;  flanks, 
sides,  and  underparts  silvery  whitish  in  striking  contrast.  Owing  to 
the  much  greater  length  of  fur  in  winter  the  animal  appears  larger. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  and  teeth  (3d  unicuspid  larger  than 
4th)  as  is  S.  richardsoni.,  but  slightly  smaller ;  constriction  slightly 
broader;  large  premolar  and  unicuspidate  series  smaller  and  shorter. 
Measurements,— Ty^Q,  specimen:  total  length  108;  tail  vertebrse 
32;  hind  foot  13.  Average  of  ten  adults  from  type  locality:  total 
length  108;  tail  vertebra;  32  ;  hind  foot  13  (the  same  as  the  type). 

SOREX  PERSONATUS  ARCTICUS  subsp.  nov.    Arctic  Shrew. 

Type  from  St.  Michaels,  Alaska.  No.  99305  ?  ad.  U.  S.  Na- 
tional Museum,  Biological  Survey  Collection.  Sept.  14,  1899.  W. 
H.  Osgood.     Orig.  no.  910. 

Similar  to /gr5o«a/«j  but  slightly  larger ;  tail  larger;  color  much 
paler,  particularly  on  underparts,  vvrhich  in  both  summer  and  winter 
pelages  are  conspicuously  whiter.  In  summer  pelage  the  upperparts 
are  pale  drab  brown,  the  underparts  ashy  whitish.  In  winter  pelage 
the  fur  is  much  longer  and  fuller;  the  upperparts  dusky  brownish 
with  a  fine  '  pepper  and  salt '  appearance ;  the  underparts  (encroach- 
ing on  flanks)  silvery  whitish  with  only  the  palest  buffy  suffusion, 
and  this  sometimes  absent.  The  skull  is  slightly  longer  than  in 
personatus ;  the  unicuspidate  teeth  decidedly  larger. 

Contrasted  with  subspecies  streatori,  which  it  resembles  in  size,  it 
differs  markedly  in  coloration,  being  very  much  paler  both  above  and 
below,  and  lacking  entirely  the  brownish  fulvous  wash  on  the  under- 
parts. 

Measurements — Type  specimen:  total  length  108;  tail  vertebrae 
39;  hind  foot  12.  Average  of  ten  adults  from  type  locality :  total 
length  103;  tail  vertebrae  37 ;  hind  foot  12. 


I 


i8 


MURHIAM 


SOREX   ALASCENSIS   SIIUMAGINENSIS  siibsp.  nov. 
Sluima}{in  IslnnclH  Shrew. 

Type  from  I'opof  Id.,  Slimnagin  Islnnds,  Alaska.     No.  97993  i  ad. 

U.  S.  National  Museum,  Biological  Survey  Collection.    July,  1899. 

DeAlton  Saunders.     Orig.  no.  lixo  (Fisi)cr  catalogue). 

Similar  to  .V.  alascensis  hut  slightly  smaller  and  paler;  upperparts 
more  pepper  and  salt;  underparts  much  whiter  and  without  the 
brownisii  or  fulvous  wash ;  Hanks  showing  a  tendency  to  the  develop- 
ment of  a  pale  huffy-fulvous  hand. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  and  teeth  as  in  alascensis  (3d  unicus- 
pid  much  smaller  than  4th)  but  slightly  smaller. 

Measurements. — Typo  specimen:  total  length  113;  tail  vertebne 
43  ;  hind  foot  14. 

Subgenus  NEOSOREX. 
SOREX  NAVIGATOR  ALASKANUS  subsp.  nov. 


Alaska  Water  Shrew. 


No.  97713  S 


Type  from  Point  Gustavus,  Glacier  Hay,  Alaska. 

U.  S.  National  Museum,  Biological  Survey  Collection.     June 

1S99.     A.  K.  Fisher.     Orig.  no.  2058. 

Similar  to  navigator  but  smaller;  skull  shorter  and  more  massive; 
interpterygoid  fossa  shorter;  braincase  less  abruptly  inflated  behind 
constriction ;  constriction  broader ;  sagittal  crest  much  more  highly 
developed  and  appearing  in  relatively  young  skulls;  tooth  row  shorter. 

Color. — Upperparts  plumbeous  or  slate  gray  with  a  decided  '  pepper 
and  salt' appearance;  underparts  and  feet  whitish ;  tail  above  and  at 
tip  all  round,  dusky;  below  whitish. 

Measurements. — Type  specimen :  total  length  145 ;  tail  vertebrae 
65;  hind  foot  18.5.  Another  male  from  type  locality:  total  length 
160;  tail  vertebrae  72 ;   hind  foot  19. 

SPERMOPHILUS  OSGOODI  sp.  nov.     Fort  Yukon  Spermophile. 

Type  from  Fort  Yukon,  Alaska.     No.  \\\\\  S  ad.  U.  S.  National 
Museum.     April  29,  1877.     L.  M.  Turner.     Original  no.  1635. 
Characters. — Size  rather  large ;  tail  longest  of  the  group,  and  very 
red  below ;  nose  patch  extending  over  top  of  head ;  belly  very  red  in 
summer  pelage ;    dorsal  vermiculations  tending  to  break  into  spots. 

Color. — Summer  pelage :  Whole  top  of  hi.ad  (from  nose  to  ears) 
deep  ferruginous ;  neck,  shoulders,  and  sides,  grayish,  becoming  deep 
fulvous  on  flanks ;  dorsal  area  fulvous,  irregularly  spotted  with  whitish ; 
underparts,  including  sides  of  face,  fore  and  hind  legs  and  feet  vary- 
ing from  deep  fulvous  to  ferruginous.      Winter  pelage:  Similar,  but 


TIIK    MARRUfAN    AKASKA    RXPRDITION 


19 


).  nov. 

993  J  "d- 
Illy,  1899. 

ippcrpnrts 
itiioiit  the 
c  develop- 
ed unicus- 
I  vertebrae 


ov. 

ji^  S    ad, 
June  12. 

c  massive ; 
:ed  behind 
ore  highly 
w  shorter, 
d  '  pepper 
[>ve  and  at 

il  vertebrae 
ttal  length 


ermophile. 

t.  National 
o.  1635. 
J,  and  very 
ery  red  in 
o  spots, 
e  to  ears) 
ming  deep 
th  whitish ; 
feet  vary- 
imilar,  but 


gray  of  neck  and  hhoniilcrH  cioarer  and  piinhiiig  forward  on  sides  of 
face  nearly  to  eye;  dorsal  vcrmiculations  less  broken  into  spots;  thighs 
and  flanks  intense  ferruginous :  deep  rusty  of  undcrparts  interrupted 
by  areas  of  gri/zlcd  grayish  ami  fulvous. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  large  and  heavy  like  that  of  barrowen- 
sis,  from  which  it  differs  in  tiie  greater  length  of  premaxilla;:  in  bar- 
roiK-cnsis  the  premaxiihi'  fall  short  of  the  nasals;  in  osgoodi  they 
surpass  the  nasals. 

Reniarks. — S.  osgoodi  differs  from  all  its  relatives  in  the  large 
size  of  the  red  nose  patch,  which  covers  the  whole  top  of  the  head, 
the  presence  (normally)  of  a  fulvous  dorsal  area,  the  intensity  of 
the  red  on  the  belly  (rusty-red  instead  A  fulvous),  and  the  great 
length  of  the  tail.  The  thighs  are  usually  as  red'  as  in  columbianus 
and  erythrogluteus,  thus  tliffering  markedly  from  all  other  known 
Alaska  forms.  I  have  named  this  striking  and  handsome  species  in 
honor  of  my  assistant,  Wilfred  II.  Osgood,  who,  during  his  recent 
trip  down  the  Yukon,  recognized  it  as  new  and  obtained  a  fine  series, 
which  series,  unhappily,  was  afterwards  lost  as  a  sequel  to  the  cap- 
sizing of  his  boat  in  the  great  river. 

SPERMOPHILUS  BARROWENSIS  sp.  nov. 
Point  Barrow  Spermophile. 


No.  iflfi  f  ad.  U.  S.  National 


Type  from  Point  Barrow,  Alaska. 
Museum. 

Characters. — Size  largest  of  the  known  forms  (hind  foot  62  mm.)  ; 
coloration  (in  May,  left-over  winter  pelage)  pale;  prevailing  tints 
buffy;  back  indistinctly  spotted ;  skull  large  and  massive. 

Color. — Nose  patch  rather  pale  fulvous  (not  chestnut  or  ferruginous) , 
fading  on  top  and  back  of  head  to  buffy  fulvous ;  neck  and  sides  buffy, 
grizzled  with  black  hairs;  back  buffy  fulvous  irregularly  speckled 
with  whitish  (the  spotting  partly  due  to  wear)  ;  underparts,  including 
legs  and  feet,  buffy,  palest  on  throat  and  around  mouth,  deepest  on 
pectoral  region,  belly,  and  upper  sides  of  hind  foot ;  eyelids  whitish ; 
tail  above,  buffy,  grizzled  with  black ;  below  buffy  fulvous,  bordered 
with  black  and  edged  with  buffy. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  largest  of  the  group,  though  only 
slightly  larger  than  that  of  3*.  osgoodi  from  Fort  Yukon;  rostrum 
broad ;  frontal  shield  broad,  its  orbitid  margin  strongly  thickened  and 
elevated,  but  not  noticeably  notched  by  supraorbital  foramen;  zyg- 

>  An  October  specimen  has  the  red  thighs  partly  overlaid  and  concealed  by  a 
superficial  grizzling  of  buffy  gray  and  black. 


20 


MERRIAM 


omata  convergent,  the  anterior  angle  thickened  but  hardly  apparent 
from  above;  jugal  broad,  but  less  expanded  than  in  the  much  smaller 
kadiacensis ;  temporal  impressions  obsolete;  bulla:  large;  meatus 
tube  short  and  w^ithout  distinct  '  neck' ;  underjaw  rather  delicate,  the 
angle  strongly  inflected  but  not  massive  as  in  kadiacensis.  Molar- 
iform  teeth  large  and  heavy. 

In  cranial  characters  6".  barrowensis  is  very  close  to  osgoodt,  both 
having  large,  broad,  and  massive  skulls  with  faint  or  obsolete  temporal 
impressions.  In  barrowensis  the  ascending  arms  of  the  premaxillae  are 
short,  ending  anterior  to  the  nasal  endings ;  in  osgoodi  they  are  long, 
passing  the  nasals.  The  unfortunate  absence  of  an  authentic  skull  of 
S.  empetra  prevents  comparison  with  that  species. 

Remarks. — Compared  with  skins  of  empetra  from  Hudson  Bay 
barrowensis  is  much  larger  and  paler  with  a  decidedly  more  marked 
tendency  to  spotting,  the  whitish  dorsal  vermiculations  being  more 
distant  and  more  distinctly  broken  into  spots.  Compared  with 
S.  beringensis  from  Cape  I  isbourne,  6*.  barrowensis  is  not  only  larger 
and  paler,  but  differs  in  the  following  particulars:  ground  color  of 
back  grayish  buffy  instead  of  fulvous;  dorsal  whitish  bands  narrower, 
more  numerous,  and  less  broken  into  spots;  fulvous  of  nose  patch 
and  underside  of  tail  much  paler;  upperside  of  tail  grizzled  buffy 
instead  of  fulvous  and  black ;  black  border  of  tail  absent  except  at 
and  near  tip;  sides  of  head  buffy  instead  of  buffy  gray;  dorsal  area 
not  well  defined. 


SPERMOPHILUS   BERINGENSIS  sp.  nov. 
Cape  Lisbourne  Spermophile. 

Type  from  Cape  Lisbourne  (Coal  Veins),  Alaska.     No.  15253  i  ad. 

U.  S.  National  Museum,  May  1885.     H.  D.  Wolfe. 

Characters. — Similar  to  S.  empetra  from  Hudson  Bay  but  back 
more  strongly  fulvous,  with  the  whitish  dorsal  vermiculations  broken 
vcAo  distinct  and  distant  spots ;  tail  (apparently)  longer  and  deeper 
fulvous,  or  even  ferruginous ;  nose  patch  larger  and  less  defined. 

Color. — Summer  pelage  (worn):  Entire  animal  fulvous;  becom- 
ing ferruginous  on  nose  patch  and  underside  of  tail ;  palest  on  back ; 
back  distinctly  spotted  with  buffy-whitish ;  tail  broadly  bordered  with 
black.  Winter  pelage :  Nose  patch  brighter  rusty,  and  in  more  ab- 
rupt contrast  to  surrounding  parts,  which  are  buffy  grayish  ;  sides  of 
face  and  neck  buffy  grayish ;  back  deep  fulvous,  sparsely  sprinkled 
with  whitish  spots ;  sides  and  underparts  buffy  to  buffy  fulvous. 

Remarks. — This  species  differs  from  all  others  in  the  distinctness 


THE    HARRIMAN    ALASKA    EXPEDITION 


21 


'  apparent 
:h  smaller 
;  meatus 
licate,  the 
.     Molar- 

oodi,  both 
;  temporal 
laxillae  are 
are  long, 
ic  skull  of 

:H.son  Bay 
re  marked 
;ing  more 
red  with 
nly  larger 
d  color  of 
narrower, 
ose  patch 
lied  buffy 
except  at 
lorsal  area 


253  S  ad. 

but  back 

IS  broken 

id  deeper 

ined. 

3;  becom- 
on  back ; 

ered  with 
more  ab- 
;  sides  of 
sprinkled 

ous. 

•stinctness 


of  the  spotting^  and  in  the  large  size  and  relative  broad  spacing  of  the 
spots.  It  differs  from  barro-wensis  in  smaller  size  and  much  greater  in- 
tensity of  the  fulvous  markings.  The  nose  patch  is  bright  ferruginous 
instead  of  pale  fulvous;  the  dorsal  area  fulvous  and  well  defined, 
and  the  underside  of  tail  rusty  instead  of  fulvous,  with  the  black 
border  reaching  back  along  the  sides  [in  barrowensis  it  hardly  extends 
beyond  the  tip].  The  sides  of  the  face  are  distinctly  ^roy/^A  instead 
of  (5«^,  and  the  fur  on  these  parts  is  much  longer  and  more  fluffy, 
giving  the  head  a  very  different  expression.  The  dorsal  spots  are  de- 
cidedly larger  and  farther  apart. 

MICROTUS  INNUITUS  sp.  nov.     Innuit  Vole. 

Type  from  St.  Lawrence  Id.,  Bering  Sea.  Skull  no.  99373  ad. 
U.  S.  National  Museum,  Biological  Survey  Collection.  July  13, 
1899.     C.  Hart  Merriam. 

Characters. — External  characters  unknown. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  conspicuously  different  from  any 
known  species.  Size  large  (considerably  larger  than  unalascensis, 
somewhat  larger  than  abbreviatus  from  Hall  Island,  and  nearly 
double  the  size  of  operarins  from  St.  Michaels)  ;  cranium  angular 
and  strongly  marked  by  muscular  impressions;  zygomata  heavy  and 
broadly  bowed  outward,  their  anterior  roots  (seen  from  above)  stand- 
ing outward  and  forward;  the  jugals  slightly  expanded  and  parallel; 
braincase  large,  squarely  truncate  anteriorlj';  nasals  large,  long  and 
cuneate;  rostrum  large  and  massive,  with  prominent  lip  at  anterior 
border  of  antorbital  foramen ;  incisive  foramen  constricted  posteriorly ; 
audital  bulla  large  (much  larger  than  in  any  other  known  species 
from  the  region  about  Bering  Sea)  ;  incisors  produced  and  strongly 
protruding  ;  molars  of  same  size  as  in  abbreviatus  ;  m^  with  3  closed 
triangles;    Wy  with  4  closed  triangles  (2  on  each  side). 

Measurements. — Total  length  unknown;  tail  vertebrae  43-45  ;  hind 
foot  22-24.  Skull  (type):  basal  length  32.5;  zygomatic  breadth 
19.5;   mastoid  breadth  15.5  ;  nasals  9  ;  molar  series  7.2. 

Remarks. — During  our  brief  stop  at  Northeast  Cape  on  St.  Law- 
rence Island,  on  the  afternoon  of  July  13,  several  of  these  voles  were 
seen  but  no  fresh  specimens  were  secured.  The  borders  of  a  long 
slough  or  series  of  ponds  on  the  tundra  were  cut  up  by  an  interlacing 
network  of  their  deeply  worn  trails  and  tunnels  near  which  I  gathered 
a  pocketful  of  pellets  containing  their  remains,  doubtless  dropped  by 
owls  or  jaegers.  From  these  pellets  a  dozen  more  or  less  perfect 
skulls  and  many  parts  of  skeletons  were  obtained.     The  skull  is  easily 


'^mmmmtUk 


22 


MERRIAM 


recognized  by  its  large  size,  bro«(Jly  spreading  zygomata,  large  bullae, 
and  strongl}'  protruding  upper  incisors. 

MICROTUS  YAKUTATENSIS  sp.  nov.     Yakutat  Vole. 

Type  from  north  shore  of  Yakutat  Bay,  Alaska.     No.  98005  $  ad. 

U.  S.  Nationhl  Museum,  Biological   Survey  Collection.     June  19, 

1899.     C.  Hart  Merriam.     Orig.  no.  2101. 

Characters. — Size  rather  large ;  tail  very  short ;  coloration  grayish 
brown  or  bister ;  feet  and  underparts  whitish.  Similar  to  sitkensis 
but  feet  smaller ;  tail  much  shorter  ;  upperparts  less  fulvous ;  under- 
parts and  feet  whitish  instead  of  dark.  Cranial  characters  as  in  sit- 
kensis. 

Color. — Upperparts  bister  or  grayish  brown,  intimately  mixed  with 
black  hairs  (which  sometimes  form  a  darker  area  along  median  line 
from  occiput  to  shoulders),  and  grizzled  with  buffy  fulvous ;  under- 
parts whitish  or  buffy  whitish,  the  plumbeous  of  underfur  showing 
through ;  fore  and  hind  feet  whitish ;  tail  sharply  bicolor,  narrowly 
blackish  above,  broadly  whitish  or  buffy  beneath. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  like  that  of  sitkensis  but  differing 
slightly;  nasals  somewhat  longer ;  juga Is  slightly  larger. 

Measurements. — Type  specimen  :  total  length  172;  tail  vertebrse 
38;  hind  foot  21.  Average  of  ten  adults  from  type  locality:  total 
length  165  ;  tail  vertebrse  37  ;  hind  foot  21. 

MICROTUS  UNALASCENSIS  POPOFENSIS  subsp.  nov. 

Popof  Island  Vole. 

Type  from  Popof  Id.,  Shumagin  Islands,  Alaska.     No.  97956  S  ad. 

lJ.  S.  National  Museum,  Biological  Survey  Collection,  July   16, 

1899.     W.  E.  Ritter.     Orig.  no.  2200  (Fisher  catalogue). 

Characters. — Size,  external  appearance,  and  coloration  similar  to 
unalascensis  and  kadiacensis,  but  cranial  characters  differing  from 
both :  contrasted  with  unalascensis  the  anterior  end  of  frontal  is  less 
broadened  and  fails  to  develop  a  lachrymal  tubercle;  audital  bullae 
smaller  and  less  inflated ;  incisive  foramina  larger  and  more  broadly 
open  anteriorly;  zygomata  more  sharply  elbowed  at  anterior  base  (as 
seen  from  above)  ;  jugal  narrower.  Contrasted  with  kadiacensis  the 
anterior  end  of  frontal  is  narrower  and  fails  to  develop  a  lachrymal 
tubercle;  bullae  more  inflated,  blunter,  and  more  rounded  anteriorly; 
molars  slightly  larger. 

In  young  specimens  (and  one  adult,  apparently  in  left-over  winter 
pelage)  the  fur  is  longer  and  softer,  the  upperparts  are  more  buffy 
fulvous,  and  the  white  of  the  underparts  is  washed  with  yellowish  buff. 


,/ 


THE    HARRIMAN   ALASKA    EXPEDITION 


23 


nov. 


f 


r 


/ 


Measurements. — An  adult  female  from  type  locality :  total  length 
188;  tail  vertebra:  43;  hind  foot  23. 

MICROTUS   ABBREVIATUS'   FISHERI   subsp.    nov. 
St.  Matthew  Island  Vole. 

Type  from  St.  Matthew  Id.,  Bering  Sea,  No.  97976  $  ad.  U.  S. 
National  Museum,  Biological  Survey  Collection.  July  15,  1899. 
A.  K.  Fisher.     Orig.  no.  2189. 

Characters. — Similar  to  M.  abbrcviatus  but  yellow  suffusion  even 
more  intense,  particularly  on  belly ;  nasals  and  rostrum  (above)  de- 
cidedly longer;  zygomata  more  strongly  bowed  outward;  bullae 
broader,  less  pointed  anteriorly,  and  less  flattened  on  outer  side. 

'  Since  the  original  description  of  Micro/us  abbreviatus  was  based  on  a  poor 
alcoholic  specimen  and  does  not  fairly  present  the  characters  of  the  species, 
I  have  drawn  up  the  accompanying  description  from  a  series  of  adults  collected 
by  me  at  the  type  locality  : 

MICROTUS  ABBREVIATUS  ^?iller. 
Hall  Island  Vole. 

Type  from  Hall  Island,  Bering  Sea. 

C^aracfers.—'Bize  large ;  ears  rather  small ;  tail  exceedingly  short,  thick  and 
densely  covered  with  long  hairs ;  fur  long,  full  and  soft ;  appearance  lemming- 
like ;  color  deep  yellowish  gray  unlike  any  other  Microius  known  to  me,  except 
the  closely  allied  form  from  the  adjacent  St.  Matthew  Id. 

Co/or.— Upperparts  uniform  deep  yellowish  gray,  intimately  but  inconspicu- 
ously mixed  with  black  hairs,  becoming  light  ochraceous  buff  or  bright  buff  on  the 
sides,  and  darkening  to  grayish  fulvous  on  head;  underparts  whitish,  strongly 
washed  with  yellowish  buff;  fore  and  hind  feet  whitish,  washed  with  buffy ;  tail 
bicolor,  dusky  above,  overlaid  with  long  buffy  hairs,  buffy  below.  Young; 
upperparts  yellowish  or  buffy  brown  ;  underparts  plumbeous  washed  with  buffy 
ochraceous. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  large  (largest  of  the  Bering  Sea  species  except  »«- 
nuitui  from  St.  Lawrence  Id.)  ;  zygomata  moderately  bowed  outward,  their 
outer  sides  parallel  ;  jugal  only  slightly  if  at  all  expanded  ;  frontal  '  pinched 
In  '  between  orbits,  its  muscular  impressions  uniting  in  a  low  ridge  along 
median  line ;  braincase  large  and  broad ;  interparietal  in  adults  pentagonal,  the 
anterior  border  straight  with  a  pointed  projection  on  median  line ;  the  hinder 
border  produced  posteriorly  so  as  to  be  broadly  triangular,  forming  two  sides; 
bullte  of  moderate  size,  pointed  anteriorly  and  flattened  on  outer  side ;  incisive 
foramina  shortly  open  anteriorly,  broadly  constricted  posteriorly;  antorbital 
foramen  without  protruding  anterior  lip;  incisors  not  protruding  as  ininnuitHs: 
molars  of  medium  or  rather  large  size;  ;/»i  with  only  2  completely  closed  tri- 
angles ;  »«i-  with  5  closed  triangles. 

Measurfitnents. — Adult  male:  total  length  170;  tail  vertebra;  ag;  hind  foot 
24.  Average  of  3  females:  total  length  156;  tail  vertebrie  2? ;  hind  foot  23.2. 
Skull  of  male  adult  (  97981 )  :  total  length,  30.3  ;  zygomatic  breadth  18;  mastoid 
breadth  14 ;    nasals  8.8 ;    molar  series  7. 


H 


MERRIAM 


Measurements. — Type,  ^  ad. :  total  length  1 78  ;  tail  vertebrae  32  ; 
hind  foot  24.  Average  of  5  females  from  type  locality :  total  length 
166;  tail  vertebrae  26.5  ;  hind  foot  22.5.  Skull  of  type:  basal  length 
3''5;  zygomatic  breadth  19;  mastoid  breadth  14;  nasals  9.8;  molar 
series  7.3. 

MICROTUS  MACFARLANI  sp.  nov.     MacFarlane  Vole. 

Type  from  Fort  Anderson,  north  of  Great  Bear  Lake,  Arctic  America. 
No.  ^Vj¥r  ^^-  U-  S.  National  Museum.  R.  MacFarlane.  Orig. 
no.  3179. 

Characters. — Size  medium  or  rather  large;  tail  short.  Similar 
externally  to  operariushvX  (apparently)  larger;  tail  decidedly  shorter; 
skull  larger;  molars  small. 

Color, — Upperparts  uniform  dull  fulvous  brown  mixed  with  black 
hairs ;  underparts  whitish,  washed  with  buffy ;  hind  foot  brown  with 
more  or  less  whitish  on  toes ;  tail  sharply  bicolor,  dusky  above,  soiled 
whitish  below. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  similar  to  that  of  operarius  but  brain- 
case  broader;  zygomata  with  outer  sides  longer  and  parallel  (not 
broadest  in  middle);  bullae  much  more  fully  and  roundly  inflated; 
nasals  shorter ;  mandible  decidedly  larger;  incisors  decidedly  thicker 
(anteroposterior ly)  ;  molar  series  slightly  if  at  all  longer.  Compared 
Vfx^ yakutatensis  the  skull  is  shorter,  flatter,  and  somewhat  smaller; 
with  molars  decidedly  smaller. 

Measurements. — No  measurements  of  fresh  specimens  are  available. 
In  the  dry  skin  of  the  type  the  hind  foot  measures  18.5  and  the  tail 
approximately  32. 

EVOTOMYS   ORCA  sp.  nov.     Orca  Evotomys. 

Type  from  Orca,  Prince  William  Sound,  Alaska.  No.  98028  9  ad. 
U.  S.  National  Museum,  Biological  Survey  Collection.  June  28, 
1899.     A.  K.  Fisher.     Orig.  no.  2139. 

Characters. — Size  medium;  coloration  dark ;  feet  and  tail  dusky. 

Color. — Dorsal  area  dark  chestnut  or  hazel;  sides  yellowish  or 
buffy  drab,  intimately  mixed  with  black  hairs  and  darkest  on  rump ; 
face  very  dark,  grizzled  with  buffy-gray  and  black;  underparts* deep 
buffy  or  buffy  ochraceous,  the  plumbeous  underfur  showing  through ; 
hind  feet  dusky ;  tail  above  dusky  from  base  to  tip,  below  buffy. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  similar  to  that  of  da-wsoni  (with  large 
subquadrate  braincase  and  strongly  developed  postorbital  crest  of 
squamosal)  but  with  decidedly  smaller  bullae  and  decidedly  larger  in- 
cisors, particularly  the  upper  ones.  The  underjaw  is  thicker  and  the 
angular  process  less  flaring. 


h 


THE    HARRIMAN    ALASKA    EXPEDITION 


as 


'9 


Measurements. — Type:  total  length  138;  tail  vertebrae  30;  hind 
loot  20.  Average  of  6  specimens  from  type  locality :  total  length 
140;  tail  vertebrae  32;   hind  foot  20. 

Remarks. — The  coloration  varies  somewhat,  and  the  differences 
are  probably  seasonal.  The  type,  which  appears  to  be  in  fresh  sum- 
mer gelage,  is  in  the  darkest  stage.  Other  specimens,  apparently  in 
left-over  winter  pelage,  or  in  the  molt,  are  paler,  but  still  have  the 
characteristic  dark  feet  and  tail.  In  6  out  of  the  7  specimens  secured 
by  us  in  Prince  William  Sound,  the  underparts  are  strongly  suffused 
with  buffy  ochraceous;  in  one  only  they  are  whitish  (no.  98035). 


! 


DICROSTONYX  UNALASCENSIS  sp.  nov. 
Unalaska   Lemming. 

Type  from  Unalaska,  Alaska.     No.    99622   ad.      U.    S.    National 

Museum,  Biological  Survey  Collection.      July  8,  1899.     C.  Hart 

Merriam.     Found  in  owl  pellets. 

Characters. — Size  rather  large,  equalling  or  exceeding  Z>.  hud- 
sonius  from  Labrador;  external  characters  unknown.  Skull  large 
and  broad  with  subquadrate  braincase,  broadly  spreading  rounded 
zygomata,  broadly  sulcate  frontal,  and  prominent  peg-like  postorbital 
processes  of  squamosal. 

Compared  with  D.  hudsonius  from  Chimo,  Ungava,  the  anterior 
angle  of  the  zygoma  is  less  expanded,  jugal  longer,  angle  of  mandible 
broader  and  more  strongly  everted,  bullae  much  larger;  upper  in- 
cisors much  broader;  /«!  with  3  (instead  of  2)  closed  triangles  on 
inner  side  in  addition  to  posterior  (or  heel)  loop ;  m^  with  2d  loop 
on  inner  side  normal  and  separated  by  full  interspace  from  anterior 
crescent  of  w*,  and  with  posterior  (heel)  loop  on  outer  side  com- 
plete. In  hudsonius  the  2d  loop  on  inner  side  is  narrowed  or  flat- 
tened and  in  contact  with  »i^,  and  the  posterior  loop  on  outer  side  is 
absent  or  reduced  to  a  small  remnant. 


DICROSTONYX  NELSONI  sp.  nov. 


No. 


White  Tundra  Lemming. 
9    yg.  ad.     Merriam 


S488 


Type  from  St.  Michaels,  Alaska. 

Collection. 

Characters. — Size  rather  small;  a  dark  dorsal  stripe  present  in 
summer  pelage;  winter  pelage  white. 

Color. — Type  specimen  in  change  from  winter  to  summer  pelage 
(date  unknown)  :  Upperparts  from  halfway  between  nose  and  eyes 
to  rump  finely  mixed  chestnut  and  yellowish  white  (hairs  with  chest- 
nut tips  and  a  broad  subapical  zone  of  yellowish  or  buffy)  becoming 


26 


MERRIAM 


darker  posteriorly;  rest  of  animal  (including  nose,  cheek,  feet  and 
tail)  yellowish  white  with  indistinct  fulvous  markings  as  follows:  a 
patch  on  each  side  posteriorly,  one  on  pectoral  region,  reaching  up  on 
sides  of  neck  to  ears,  and  a  ring  around  (but  not  reaching)  base  of 
tail ;  a  dark  brownish  median  stripe  reaching  from  middle  of  back  to 
ring  around  tail. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  similar  to  that  of  unalascensis  in  gen- 
eral form,  form  of  zygoma  and  jugal,  and  in  enamel  pattern,  but 
smaller,  and  differing  from  all  known  species  in  the  bullse,  which  are 
very  small  and  narrow;  incisive  foramina  short;  molars  small  and 
rather  narrow,  but  not  quite  so  narrow  as  in  richardsoni . 

Measurements. — Type  specimen  (measured  from  alcohol  by 
C.  H.  M.)  :  total  length  ii8;  tail  vertebrae  13;  hind  foot  18. 

DICROSTONYX  RICHARDSONI  sp.  nov.     Churchill  Lemming. 

Type  from  Fort  Churchill,  Hudson  Bay.     No.  W\\  S  ad.  Merriam 

Collection.    July  1859.     W.  MacTavish. 

Characters. — Size  large ;  fur  long  and  silky ;  3d  nail  of  forefoot 
much  larger  than  4th;  bullae  broadly  rounded  and  somewhat  de- 
pressed. 

Color. — Type  specimen  in  winter  pelage:  silky  white  all  over. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  large ;  zygomata  very  broad  and  squarely 
spreading;  rostrum  and  nasals  long,  frontals  rather  narrow  inter- 
orbital  ly;  bulla  depressed,  broadly  and  roundly  inflated.  Molar 
series  narrow;  enamel  pattern  as  in  »e/j<7»/and  unalascensis  (not  as 
in  hudsonius"). 

This  species  resembles  nelsoni  but  differs  from  all  others  in  the 
small  size  and  narrowness  of  the  molar  teeth,  and  is  distinguishable 
at  a  glance  from  all  known  species  by  the  broadly  rounded  and  rather 
depressed  bullse. 

Measurements. — Type  specimen  (measured  from  alcohol  by  C.  H. 
M.)  :  total  length  143;  tail  vertebrae  14;  hind  foot  20. 


'k? 


Point  Barrow  Lemming, 
ad.  Merriam  Col- 


No.  Mil  5 


LEMMUS  ALASCENSIS  sp.  nov. 

Type  from  Point  Barrow,  Alaska, 
lection. 

Characters. — Size  medium  (slightly  smaller  than  either  lemmus  or 
nigripes)  ;  ears  smaller  than  in  nigripes;  feet  and  nose  pale. 

Color. — Type  specimen  (in  alcohol)  from  Point  Barrow,  and  a 
skin  (alcoholic)  from  St.  Michaels :  entire  animal  golden  fulvous, 
darkest  on  head,  where  it  is  mixed  with  black  hairs ;  brightest  on  sides, 
where  it  is  almost  orange  fulvous ;  palest  on  feet  and  around  mouth. 


..SrS'^'^R^w- 


THE    HARRIMAN    ALASKA    EXPEDITION 


27 


by 


'fei* 


Cranial  characters. — Skull  similar  to  that  of  Z.  lemmus  but 
slightly  sm.iller ;  brnincase  Kmnller  and  less  fluttencd ;  zygomata  less 
widely  spreading;  angle  of  mandible  much  less  everted;  upper  in- 
cisors heavier  (broader).  Compared  with  nigripes  from  the  Pribilof 
Islands  the  differences  are  more  marked  :  skull  decidedly  smaller  and 
less  massive;  nasals  much  shorter  and  smaller;  rostrum  more  slender; 
frontals  not  elevated  into  tubercles  anteriorly;  bulla  larger  (more 
broadly  inflated)  ;  angle  of  jaw  much  smaller  and  less  everted.  Molar 
series  shorter. 

Measurements. — Type  specimen  (measured  from  alcohol  by  C.  H. 
M.)  :  total  length  115  ;  tail  vertebrae  15  ;  hind  foot  18. 

LEMMUS  YUKONENSIS  sp.  nov.     Yukon  Lemming. 

Typeirom  Charlie  Creek,  Yukon  River,  Alaska.     No.  9S849  9    ad. 

U.  S.  National  Museum,   Biological    Survey  Collection.     Aug.  9, 

1899.     W.  H.  Osgood.     Orig.  no.  769. 

Characters. — Size  small,  ears  relatively  large;  general  color  dark 
anteriorly,  with  bright  fulvous  or  rufous  rump  and  flanks;  audital 
bullae  immense. 

Color. — Head,  shoulders,  and  anterior  half  of  back  grayish  brown, 
grizzled  with  black  and  yellowish  fulvous,  darkest  on  top  of  nose ; 
rump  and  hinder  part  of  back  rich  rusty  fulvous  or  orange  fulvous; 
lower  sides  and  bell}'  golden  fulvous ;  deepest  and  brightest  on  flanks ; 
sides  of  nose  grayish  or  grayish  brown ;  a  band  of  golden  fulvous  on 
lower  part  of  face  from  nose  to  below  ear ;  fore  and  hind  feet  dusky ; 
tail  bicolor,  dusky  above,  huffy  below. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  very  different  from  any  species  known 
to  me:  braincase  (seen  from  above)  large,  broad,  anA  produced  pos- 
teriorly to  cover  the  enormously  enlarged  bullae ;  frontal  narrow  inter- 
orbitally,  with  a  narrow  median  sulcus,  but  not  '  pinched  in'  as  in  Z. 
alascensis;  rostrum  small;  zygomata  squarely  set  but  not  widely 
spreading,  the  sides  parallel;  interparietal  large,  usually  pentagonal; 
incisive  foramina  rather  short ;  bullce  remarkably  large  and  strongly 
inflated. 

Measurements. — (From   well  made  dry   skin:)  total  length  130; 


tail  vertebrae 


I?' 


hind  foot 


I9-5- 


ERETHIZON  EPIXANTHUS  MYOPS  subsp.  nov. 
Alaska  Porcupine. 

Type  from  Portage  Bay,  Alaska  Peninsula.     No.  59140  9  old,  U.  S. 
National  Museum.     September  1893.     Chas.  H.  Townsend. 


.j^ass^ts-. 


.d 


28 


MERRIAM 


Characters. — Similar  to  E.  epixanthus  but  tail  and  hind  feet 
shorter;  body,  flanks  and  sides  of  tail  even  yellower;  face  whiter 
from  more  abundant  admixture  of  yellowish  white  hairs  on  sides  of 
face  and  between  eyes,  so  that  the  fore  part  of  head  appears  almost 
grayish  instead  of  sooty. 

Cranial  characters. — Compared  with  typical  epixanthus  from 
California  the  skull  as  a  whole  is  much  shorter,  broader,  and  more 
rounded  (less  angular);  occipital  and  sagittal  crests  absent  or  much 
less  developed;  zygomata  bowed  strongly  outward  [instead  of  sub- 
triangular],  the  outer  side  convex  outward  [not  flat]  ;  braincase  short, 
broad  between  posterior  roots  of  zygomata,  and  tapering  posteriorly 
so  that  the  breadth  between  squamosals  anteriorly  is  much  greater 
than  breadth  of  occiput  [inctead  of  subequal]  ;  outer  wall  of  antorbital 
vacuity  (seen  from  the  side)  nearly  straight  and  vertical  [instead  of 
strongly  concave]. 

Remarks. — An  immature  female  collected  at  Stepovak  Bay,  Alaska 
Peninsula,  July  9,  1899,  by  Charles  Palache  is  the  yellowest  porcupine 
I  ever  saw.     It  measured  630  mm  in  total  length. 

LEPUS  OTHUS  sp.  nov.    Tundra  Polar  Hare. 

Type  from  St.  Michaels,  Alaska.     Skull  no.   15883  U.  S.  National 

Museum.     L.  M.  Turner. 

Characters. — Size  very  large  (hind  foot  174)  ;  winter  pelage  white 
all  over  except  extreme  tips  of  ears,  which  are  black. 

Cranial  characters. — The  skull  of  Lepus  othus  is  so  large,  broad, 
and  massive  that  it  does  not  require  comparison  with  the  glacialis 
series  from  eastern  Arctic  America,  but  only  with  tschuktshorum 
from  the  region  about  Plover  Bay,  Siberia.  From  tschuktshorum  it 
differs  in  the  following  particulars :  f rontals  slightly  broader  interor- 
bitally ;  nasals  narrower  and  less  flattened ;  supraoccipital  shield  nar- 
rower, much  longer  than  broad  [in  tschuktshorum  decidedly  broader 
than  long];  j'ugal  decidedly  narrower  (less  expanded  vertically), 
longer  posteriorly  (protruding  farther  behind  squamosal  root  of 
zygoma),  and  with  muscular  impression  on  outer  face  decidedly  nar- 
nower  anteriorly;  basioccipital  narrower;  incisive  vacuity  smaller. 

Cranial  measurements. — Type  specimen :  basal  length  86.5  ;  zy- 
gomatic breadth  anttiiorly  49;  at  widest  point  52;  postpalatal  length 
46.5  ;  greatest  breadth  across  postorbital  processes  39 ;  greatest  breadth 
of  nasals  posteriorly  22 ;  anteriorly  20. 


THE    HARRIMAN    ALASKA    EXPEDITION 


LEPUS  POADROMUS  sp.  nov.     Peninsula  Arctic  Hare. 


29 


Type  from  Stepovak  Bay,  Alaska  Peninsula.  No.  98068  U.  S.  Na- 
tional Museum,  Biological  Survey  Collection.  July  8,  1899.  C. 
Hart  Merriam.  (Shot  by  Charles  Palache.)  Orig.  no.  2207 
(Fisher  catalogue). 

Characters. — Size  smaller  than  Lepus  othus  from  St.  Michaels, 
but  larger  than  the  members  of  the  glacialis  series  from  eastern  Are- 
tic  America;  ears  about  as  in  L.  ot/ius,  but  hind  feet  and  tail  shorter; 
color  in  summer  ^t\agc  g-rizzled graywxih  a  fulvous  tinge  on  head. 

Color. — Nose  and  head  dull  fulvous  with  a  buffy  ring  around  eye; 
cheeks  dull  fulvous,  grizzled  with  longer  hairs  tipped  with  black  and 
buffy;  ears  grizzled  fulvous  and  black  on  anterior  face,  becoming 
white  posteriorly,  and  narrowly  edged  with  white  except  on  basal  third 
of  anterior  margin,  which  is  grizzled  fulvous  and  black  like  rest  of  an- 
terior face ;  back,  sides,  and  outer  surface  of  hind  legs  gray,  grizzled 
with  buffy  and  black;  forelegs  grizzled  grayish  fulvous,  becoming 
pale  dull  fulvous  on  dorsal  surface  of  feet  and  mixed  with  white  hairs 
about  toes ;  hind  feet  mainly  white ;  tail  hoary  or  grayish  white,  be- 
coming dusky  along  median  line  above ;  chin  and  lips  whitish ;  throat 
with  a  broad  .grayish  collar;  pectoral  region,  strip  down  belly,  and 
inner  sides  of  legs,  whitish. 

Cranial  characters. — Compared  with  its  nearest  known  relative, 
L.  othus  from  St.  Michaels,  the  rostrum,  nasals,  braincase,  palatal 
bridge,  and  incisive  vacuity  are  narrower,  the  frontal  breadth  remain- 
ing essentially  the  same ;  nasals  in  particular  much  narrower  and  more 
arched  transversely;  pterygoids  broader;  hamular  processes  more  pro- 
duced and  hooked ;  angular  process  of  underjaw  with  everted  edge 
much  broader  posteriorly. 

Remarks. — Lepus  poadromus,  compared  with  a  skin  of  tschuk- 
tshorum  from  Arikamchichi  Island  (No.  3384  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.)  has 
the  fulvous  of  the  nose  and  head  very  much  darker.  Unfortunately 
no  skins  of  L.  othus  in  summer  pelage  are  available  for  comparison. 
Measurements. — (From  dry  skin  of  type:)  Hind  foot  15a;  ear 
from  notch  80. 

Cranial  measurements. — Basal  length  82  ;  zygomatic  breadth  an- 
teriorly 47.5;  postpalatal  length  43;  greatest  breadth  across  post- 
orbital  processes  37;  greatest  breadth  of  nasals  posteriorly  20;  an- 
teriorly 16. 


LEPUS  AMERICANUS  DALLI  subsp.  nov. 


Type  (skull)  from  Nulato  River,  Alaska,  no.  7579 
Museum.     W.  H.  Dall. 


Ball's  Varying  Hare. 
U.  S.  National 


! 


MERRIAM 


Characters. — External  characters  unknown. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  large;  nasals  long  and  slender;  pos- 
terior part  of  mandible  large.  Compared  with  typical  americanus 
from  Ungava,  Hudson  Strait,  the  skull  of  dalli  is  very  much  larger 
(basal  length  65  mm.  or  more  instead  of  61  or  less)  :  rostrum,  nasals, 
and  incisive  vacuity  decidedly  longer;  jugal  longer  and  somewhat 
broader  (vertically)  ;  mandible  very  much  larger  and  more  expanded 
posteriorly ;  molariform  teeth  larger. 

Remarks. — Superficially  the  skull  of  dalli  resembles  that  of  sub- 
species virginianus  from  Ossipee,  New  Hampshire,  much  more 
closely  than  typical  americanus;  the  agreement  in  size  is  better  and 
both  have  rather  long,  slender  nasals.  But  dalli  has  a  much  broader 
braincase,  longer  and  heavier  zygomata,  broader  jugals,  and  differs 
in  other  particulars.  Compared  with  its  geographical  neighbor,  L. 
macfarlani  from  Fort  Anderson,  it  may  be  distinguished  at  a  glance 
by  its  slender  nasals  and  rostrum,  longer  zygomata,  and  larger 
mandible. 

Cranial  measurements. — Type  skull :  Basal  length  65  ;  zygo- 
matic breadth  anteriorly  37.5  ;  at  middle  38 ;  postpalatal  length  3,^.5  ; 
frontal  breadth  across  middle  of  postorbital  processes  21  ;  breadth  of 
nasals  posteriorly  15;  anteriorly  11. 

LEPUS  AMERICANUS   MACFARLANI   subsp.  nov. 
MacFarlane  Varying  Hare. 

Type  (skull)  from  Fort  Anderson,  north  of  Great  Bear  Lake,  Arctic 

America.     No.  14467  U.  S.  National  Museum.     R.  MacFarlane. 

Characters. — External  characters  unknown. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  similar  to  that  of  typical  americanus 
from  Hudson  Strait  but  very  much  larger  and  heavier ;  nasals  very 
broad  (anteriorly  as  well  as  posteriorly);  braincase  less  flattened; 
supraoccipital  shield  narrower  and  tapering  posteriorly:  mandible, 
molariform  teeth,  and  lower  incisors  decidedly  larger.  Compared 
with  dalli  from  Nulato  River  the  nasals  are  very  much  broader  and 
blunter;  rostrum  broader  and  more  massive  ;  braincase  higher  (almost 
ridged  along  median  line)  and  much  less  flattened;  supraoccipital 
shield  narrower  posteriorly  (more  tapering) ;  mandible  somewhat 
smaller. 

Cranial  measurements. — Basal  length  67 ;  zygomatic  breadth  an- 
teriorly 38.5  ;  at  middle  41 ;  postpalatal  length  34.5  ;  frontal  breadth 
across  middle  of  postorbital  processes  2 1  ;  breadth  of  nasals  pos- 
teriorly 17.5;  anteriorly  14. 


H 


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^ 


PROCEEDINGS 


WASHINGTON    ACADEMY   OF   SCIENCES 


PRICE  LIST  OF  PAPERS  IN  VOL.  I 

1.  First    Annual   Report  of  the  Secretary.     G.  K.  Giu- 

UERT.     Issued  April    14,   1899.     pp.   14         -         - 

2.  Revision   of    the    Squirrels   of  Mexico   and    Central 

America.  E.  W.  Nelson.  Issued  May  9,  1899. 
pp.  95,  pis.  2 

3.  Synopsis  of  Mexican  and  Central  American  UmbelH- 

fera;.  John  M.  Coulter  and  J.  N.  Rose.  Issued 
Jan.  8,  1900.     pp.  48,  pis.  II 

4.  Economic  Development  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Carroll  D.  Wright.  Issued  Dec.  29, 1899.  PP*  ^6 

5.  Political  Development   of  the    District  of  Columbia. 

Henry  E.  Davis.     Issued  Dec.  29,  1899.     pp.  31 

6.  Coming  of  the  White  Man,  and  Founding  of  the  Na- 

tional Capital.  Ainsworth  R.  Spofford.  Issued 
Jan.  18,  1900.    pp.  30        -  -  -         -         - 

7.  Description  of  a  new  genus  and  twenty  new  species  of 

fossil  Cycadean  Trunks  from  the  Jurassic  of  Wyom- 
ing. Lester  F.  Ward.  Issued  Feb.  14,  1900.  pp. 
47,  pis.  8      -  -  -  -  ,- 

8.  Lower  Cambrian  Terrane  in  the  Atlantic  Province. 

CiiAs.  D.  W^alcott.     Issued  Feb.  14,  1900.     pp. 

38,  pis.  5  ■  •  - 

Whole  volume.     Issued  Feb.  14, 1900.    pp.  xiv+347+6 


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